bzzz/pkg/security/validation.go

package security

import (
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"regexp"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"unicode"
)

// ValidationError represents a security validation error
type ValidationError struct {
	Field   string
	Message string
}

func (e ValidationError) Error() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", e.Field, e.Message)
}

// SecurityValidator provides zero-trust input validation
type SecurityValidator struct {
	maxStringLength int
	maxIPLength     int
	maxUsernameLength int
	maxPasswordLength int
}

// NewSecurityValidator creates a new validator with safe defaults
func NewSecurityValidator() *SecurityValidator {
	return &SecurityValidator{
		maxStringLength:   1024,  // Maximum string length
		maxIPLength:       45,    // IPv6 max length
		maxUsernameLength: 32,    // Standard Unix username limit
		maxPasswordLength: 128,   // Reasonable password limit
	}
}

// ValidateIP validates IP addresses with zero-trust approach
func (v *SecurityValidator) ValidateIP(ip string) error {
	if ip == "" {
		return ValidationError{"ip", "IP address is required"}
	}
	
	if len(ip) > v.maxIPLength {
		return ValidationError{"ip", "IP address too long"}
	}
	
	// Check for dangerous characters that could be used in command injection
	if containsUnsafeChars(ip, []rune{'`', '$', '(', ')', ';', '&', '|', '<', '>', '\n', '\r'}) {
		return ValidationError{"ip", "IP address contains invalid characters"}
	}
	
	// Validate IP format
	if net.ParseIP(ip) == nil {
		return ValidationError{"ip", "Invalid IP address format"}
	}
	
	return nil
}

// ValidateUsername validates SSH usernames
func (v *SecurityValidator) ValidateUsername(username string) error {
	if username == "" {
		return ValidationError{"username", "Username is required"}
	}
	
	if len(username) > v.maxUsernameLength {
		return ValidationError{"username", fmt.Sprintf("Username too long (max %d characters)", v.maxUsernameLength)}
	}
	
	// Check for command injection characters
	if containsUnsafeChars(username, []rune{'`', '$', '(', ')', ';', '&', '|', '<', '>', '\n', '\r', ' ', '"', '\'', '\\', '/'}) {
		return ValidationError{"username", "Username contains invalid characters"}
	}
	
	// Validate Unix username format (alphanumeric, underscore, dash, starting with letter/underscore)
	matched, err := regexp.MatchString("^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*$", username)
	if err != nil || !matched {
		return ValidationError{"username", "Username must start with letter/underscore and contain only alphanumeric characters, underscores, and dashes"}
	}
	
	return nil
}

// ValidatePassword validates SSH passwords
func (v *SecurityValidator) ValidatePassword(password string) error {
	// Password can be empty if SSH keys are used
	if password == "" {
		return nil
	}
	
	if len(password) > v.maxPasswordLength {
		return ValidationError{"password", fmt.Sprintf("Password too long (max %d characters)", v.maxPasswordLength)}
	}
	
	// Check for shell metacharacters that could break command execution
	if containsUnsafeChars(password, []rune{'`', '$', '\n', '\r', '\'', ';', '|', '&'}) {
		return ValidationError{"password", "Password contains characters that could cause security issues"}
	}
	
	return nil
}

// ValidateSSHKey validates SSH private keys
func (v *SecurityValidator) ValidateSSHKey(key string) error {
	// SSH key can be empty if password auth is used
	if key == "" {
		return nil
	}
	
	// Increased limit to accommodate large RSA keys (8192-bit RSA can be ~6.5KB)
	if len(key) > 16384 { // 16KB should handle even very large keys
		return ValidationError{"ssh_key", "SSH key too long (max 16KB)"}
	}
	
	// Check for basic SSH key format
	if strings.Contains(key, "-----BEGIN") {
		// Private key format - check for proper termination
		if !strings.Contains(key, "-----END") {
			return ValidationError{"ssh_key", "SSH private key appears malformed - missing END marker"}
		}
		
		// Check for common private key types
		validKeyTypes := []string{
			"-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----",
			"-----BEGIN DSA PRIVATE KEY-----", 
			"-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----",
			"-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----",
			"-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----", // PKCS#8 format
		}
		
		hasValidType := false
		for _, keyType := range validKeyTypes {
			if strings.Contains(key, keyType) {
				hasValidType = true
				break
			}
		}
		
		if !hasValidType {
			return ValidationError{"ssh_key", "SSH private key type not recognized"}
		}
		
	} else if strings.HasPrefix(key, "ssh-") {
		// Public key format - shouldn't be used for private key field
		return ValidationError{"ssh_key", "Public key provided where private key expected"}
	} else {
		return ValidationError{"ssh_key", "SSH key format not recognized - must be PEM-encoded private key"}
	}
	
	// Check for suspicious content that could indicate injection attempts
	suspiciousPatterns := []string{
		"$(", "`", ";", "|", "&", "<", ">", "\n\n\n", // command injection patterns
	}
	
	for _, pattern := range suspiciousPatterns {
		if strings.Contains(key, pattern) && !strings.Contains(pattern, "\n") { // newlines are normal in keys
			return ValidationError{"ssh_key", "SSH key contains suspicious content"}
		}
	}
	
	return nil
}

// ValidatePort validates port numbers
func (v *SecurityValidator) ValidatePort(port int) error {
	if port <= 0 || port > 65535 {
		return ValidationError{"port", "Port must be between 1 and 65535"}
	}
	
	// Warn about privileged ports
	if port < 1024 && port != 22 && port != 80 && port != 443 {
		return ValidationError{"port", "Avoid using privileged ports (< 1024) unless necessary"}
	}
	
	return nil
}

// ValidateHostname validates hostnames
func (v *SecurityValidator) ValidateHostname(hostname string) error {
	if hostname == "" {
		return ValidationError{"hostname", "Hostname is required"}
	}
	
	if len(hostname) > 253 {
		return ValidationError{"hostname", "Hostname too long (max 253 characters)"}
	}
	
	// Check for command injection characters
	if containsUnsafeChars(hostname, []rune{'`', '$', '(', ')', ';', '&', '|', '<', '>', '\n', '\r', ' ', '"', '\''}) {
		return ValidationError{"hostname", "Hostname contains invalid characters"}
	}
	
	// Validate hostname format (RFC 1123)
	matched, err := regexp.MatchString("^[a-zA-Z0-9]([a-zA-Z0-9\\-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?(\\.([a-zA-Z0-9]([a-zA-Z0-9\\-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?))*$", hostname)
	if err != nil || !matched {
		return ValidationError{"hostname", "Invalid hostname format"}
	}
	
	return nil
}

// ValidateClusterSecret validates cluster secrets
func (v *SecurityValidator) ValidateClusterSecret(secret string) error {
	if secret == "" {
		return ValidationError{"cluster_secret", "Cluster secret is required"}
	}
	
	if len(secret) < 32 {
		return ValidationError{"cluster_secret", "Cluster secret too short (minimum 32 characters)"}
	}
	
	if len(secret) > 128 {
		return ValidationError{"cluster_secret", "Cluster secret too long (maximum 128 characters)"}
	}
	
	// Ensure it's hexadecimal (common for generated secrets)
	matched, err := regexp.MatchString("^[a-fA-F0-9]+$", secret)
	if err != nil || !matched {
		// If not hex, ensure it's at least alphanumeric
		if !isAlphanumeric(secret) {
			return ValidationError{"cluster_secret", "Cluster secret must be alphanumeric or hexadecimal"}
		}
	}
	
	return nil
}

// ValidateFilePath validates file paths
func (v *SecurityValidator) ValidateFilePath(path string) error {
	if path == "" {
		return ValidationError{"file_path", "File path is required"}
	}
	
	if len(path) > 4096 {
		return ValidationError{"file_path", "File path too long"}
	}
	
	// Check for command injection and directory traversal
	if containsUnsafeChars(path, []rune{'`', '$', '(', ')', ';', '&', '|', '<', '>', '\n', '\r'}) {
		return ValidationError{"file_path", "File path contains unsafe characters"}
	}
	
	// Check for directory traversal attempts
	if strings.Contains(path, "..") {
		return ValidationError{"file_path", "Directory traversal detected in file path"}
	}
	
	// Ensure absolute paths
	if !strings.HasPrefix(path, "/") {
		return ValidationError{"file_path", "File path must be absolute"}
	}
	
	return nil
}

// SanitizeForCommand sanitizes strings for use in shell commands
func (v *SecurityValidator) SanitizeForCommand(input string) string {
	// Remove dangerous characters and control characters
	result := strings.Map(func(r rune) rune {
		if r < 32 || r == 127 {
			return -1 // Remove control characters
		}
		switch r {
		case '`', '$', ';', '&', '|', '<', '>', '(', ')', '"', '\'', '\\', '*', '?', '[', ']', '{', '}':
			return -1 // Remove shell metacharacters and globbing chars
		}
		return r
	}, input)
	
	// Trim whitespace and collapse multiple spaces
	result = strings.TrimSpace(result)
	
	// Replace multiple spaces with single space
	for strings.Contains(result, "  ") {
		result = strings.ReplaceAll(result, "  ", " ")
	}
	
	return result
}

// Helper function to check for unsafe characters
func containsUnsafeChars(s string, unsafeChars []rune) bool {
	for _, char := range s {
		for _, unsafe := range unsafeChars {
			if char == unsafe {
				return true
			}
		}
	}
	return false
}

// Helper function to check if string is alphanumeric
func isAlphanumeric(s string) bool {
	for _, char := range s {
		if !unicode.IsLetter(char) && !unicode.IsDigit(char) {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

// ValidateSSHConnectionRequest validates an SSH connection request
func (v *SecurityValidator) ValidateSSHConnectionRequest(ip, username, password, sshKey string, port int) error {
	if err := v.ValidateIP(ip); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	
	if err := v.ValidateUsername(username); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	
	if err := v.ValidatePassword(password); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	
	if err := v.ValidateSSHKey(sshKey); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	
	if err := v.ValidatePort(port); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	
	// Ensure at least one authentication method is provided
	if password == "" && sshKey == "" {
		return ValidationError{"auth", "Either password or SSH key must be provided"}
	}
	
	return nil
}

// ValidatePortList validates a list of port numbers
func (v *SecurityValidator) ValidatePortList(ports []string) error {
	if len(ports) > 50 { // Reasonable limit
		return ValidationError{"ports", "Too many ports specified (max 50)"}
	}
	
	for i, portStr := range ports {
		port, err := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
		if err != nil {
			return ValidationError{"ports", fmt.Sprintf("Port %d is not a valid number: %s", i+1, portStr)}
		}
		
		if err := v.ValidatePort(port); err != nil {
			return ValidationError{"ports", fmt.Sprintf("Port %d invalid: %s", i+1, err.Error())}
		}
	}
	
	return nil
}

// ValidateIPList validates a list of IP addresses
func (v *SecurityValidator) ValidateIPList(ips []string) error {
	if len(ips) > 100 { // Reasonable limit
		return ValidationError{"ip_list", "Too many IPs specified (max 100)"}
	}
	
	for i, ip := range ips {
		if err := v.ValidateIP(ip); err != nil {
			return ValidationError{"ip_list", fmt.Sprintf("IP %d invalid: %s", i+1, err.Error())}
		}
	}
	
	return nil
}